Former Chromosome Glume classification number (2n) Length (mm) Accession no. The identification of wheat grains to the species level is problematic in many archaeobotanical samples, yet this is key to better understanding wheat phylogeny and agricultural trajectories. Durum wheat is a tetraploid species of wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. Several authors reported that the principal wheat dietary fiber fraction are non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), being mixed-linkage β-glucans and AX the major components in wheat grain (Table 2), representing around 20% and 70%, respectively, of the NSP in wheat starch. Natural hybridization between H. marinum (the waterlogging-tolerant halophyte) and nine wheat cultivars including two durum wheats produced amphiploids containing all chromosomes from H. marinum (H90) and the wheat parent (Munns et al., 2011). Emmer wheat or hulled wheat is a type of awned wheat. Cytogenetic Studies in Ethiopian Landraces of Tetraploid Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L.) I. Spike Morphology vs Ploidy Level and Karyomorphology Getachew Belay. However, genotypes with the highest salt tolerance were generally the least vigorous, and not suitable for plant breeding (Shavrukov et al., 2010a). Abstract. Five wild emmer accessions were identified with high salt tolerance in a systematic investigation of 30 wild emmer and 14 durum wheat accessions (Feng et al., 2018). There are six species of wheat at three different ploidy levels: the diploid species T. monococcum (A m A m) and Triticum urartu (AA); the tetraploid species Triticum turgidum (BBAA) and Triticum timopheevii (GGAA); and the hexaploid species Triticum aestivum (BBAADD) and Triticum zhukovskyi (GGAAA m A m) (Dvorak et al., 2012). (1798) International Common Names. The content of DF in wheat ranges from 9.2% to 20.0%, being the IDF the highest fraction and its content varies between 5.4% and 18.1%, while the amount of SDF in wheat grains ranges from 1.4% to 4.4%. ecosystems impacted by the practice of agriculture) have expanded around the globe and now cover ∼38% of the earth's landmass, excluding Antarctica (FAO 2009). Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Alemaya University of Agriculture, P.O. (1974), described the phenomena was higher than that observed in its closest domesti- for mutant strains of adenovirus, based on which cated relatives viz., Triticum turgidum L. subsp. The targeted analysis was performed by monitoring specific transitions of a species-specific marker derived from a tryptic peptide of puroindoline a (Pin-a), a cysteine-rich protein present only in common wheat. It is an integral component of the Mediterranean diet and one of the historical foods that followed the birth of civilization, likely to be one of … The wild plant is called Triticum turgidum subsp. Start Over. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L., Triticum durum Desf.) La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 15 décembre 2020 à 18:10. The wheat genome was assembled by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium. 20 per page . No need to register, buy now! H.J.S. Grundy et al. Triticum turgidum subsp. Table 2. En poursuivant votre navigation sur ce site, vous acceptez l’utilisation de cookies pour vous proposer des contenus et … ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065211319300173, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081007198000140, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123876928000011, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012805247100006X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781891127656500155, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081002209000072, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123756886101136, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043452619300178, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781782423713500138, Breeding strategies for structuring salinity tolerance in wheat, Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi, ... Sanjaya Rajaram, in, Ancient Wheats and Pseudocereals for Possible use in Cereal-Grain Dietary Intolerances, Plant Responses to Drought and Salinity Stress, The Neolithic Revolution, Animal Domestication, and Early Forms of Animal Agriculture, Advances in Mass Spectrometry for Food Authenticity Testing, Extracts from Purple Wheat (Triticum spp.) Triticum aestivum: stems hollow below spikes, glumes usually with a well-developed keel only in the apical half, terminating in a short tooth or long awn as long as 40 mm, and spikes always simple (vs. T. turgidum, with stems solid for ca. Interestingly, some of the commercial gelatines were found to contain undeclared species (eg, bovine and porcine mix declared on the product label as bovine) (Grundy et al., 2016). We recently developed a method for synthesizing doubled haploid (SynDH) populations specific for allo-polyploid species [3]. Emmer wheat (Tr. Durum wheat, Triticum turgidum subsp., durum Desf. Species that have been identified as the genome donors to cultivated polyploid durum and bread wheats (Triticum durum L. and T. aestivum L., respectively) are potential gene sources for the breeding of these two crops.Therefore, their accurate identification facilitates their use in the improvement of these crops. The identified Pin-a marker was also found to be highly diagnostic for the quantification of common wheat in raw materials (kernels) and processed products (pasta) (Russo et al., 2014). Currently less than 1000 ha are grown in the UK. (2014) developed an LC-MS/MS method for the selective and sensitive detection and quantification of durum wheat adulteration. Former Chromosome Glume PI 191892 28 8.8 classification number (2n) Length (mm) PI 191894 28 8.8 Triticum aestivum PI 191897 28 11.3 ssp. Common wheat is an allohexaploid (BBAADD) that originated from the hybridization and polyploidization of the diploid Aegilops tauschii (DD) with the allotetraploid Triticum turgidum (BBAA). Particularly, β-glucans, which are mainly present in the inner aleurone cell walls and subaleurone endosperm cell walls, was found in a lower amount (0.4–0.8%) comparing with other cereals, as barley, while AX content were found in a relative high content in this cereal variety (0.5–8.8%). Proteomics has also been applied to alcoholic beverages such as wine (Cereda et al., 2010), beer (Colgrave et al., 2013), and aperitif (Fasoli et al., 2012) but mainly for their characterization or detection of selected proteins (eg, the addition of casein during white wine production). Ce sont des blés tétraploïdes (2n = 28) de génome AABB[2]. Disomic chromosome addition lines were successfully developed with Chinese Spring with six of the seven Hordeum chromosomes (apart from chromosome 3). If properly grown, durum wheat has a high protein and hard, amber-coloured vitreous endosperm. It is used in the treatment of several disorders such as colitis, allergies and high blood cholesterol (Borghi et al., 1997) and even of CD; however treatment of CD is completely wrong because farro contains gluten polypeptides with toxic epitopes. Summary; Photos; Maps; Conservation Status; Other Accounts; References; Tracheophyta › Magnoliopsida › Poaceae › Triticum › Triticum turgidum. Toggle facets Limit your search Text Availability. We … durum. Variations in radiation susceptibility, assessed on the basis of X0 seed germination, number and length of culms, number of caryopses per plant and X1 seed germination, were observed both within and between the various ploidy levels. (1908) Triticum dicoccum Schübler (1818) Triticum durum Desf. dicoccon (1 16-1069) Collecting Expedition to Asia Minor, 1975 Triticum turgidum Australian Wheat Collection, 67-05 cv. The synthesis of Triticum turgidum – T. monococcum amphiploids is an essential step for transferring genes from T. monococcum into bread wheat. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. ex Schweinf. and Their Antioxidant Effects, Nuts and Seeds in Health and Disease Prevention, María Ciudad-Mulero, ... Patricia Morales, in, Vignola, Moiraghi, Salvucci, Baroni, & Pérez, 2016, Faltermaier, Waters, Becker, Arendt, & Gastl, 2014, Escarnot, Dornez, Verspreet, Agneessens, and Courtin (2015), Vitaglione, Napolitano, and Fogliano (2008), Messia, Candigliota, De Arcangelis, and Marconi (2017), Ciccoritti, Scalfati, Cammerata, and Sgrulletta (2011), Cáceres, Martínez-Villaluenga, Amigo, and Frias (2014), Prasad, Hymavathi, Ravindra Babu, and Longvah (2018), Prasanthi, Naveena, Vishnuvardhana Rao, and Bhaskarachary (2017), Teixeira, Nyman, Andersson, and Alminger (2016), Šterna, Zute, Jansone, and Kantane (2017), Hansen, Rasmussen, Knudsen, and Hansen (2003), Bucsella, Molnar, Harasztos, and Tömösközi (2016), Lockhart & Wiseman’s Crop Husbandry Including Grassland (Ninth Edition). Some durum wheat is used for breakfast cereals. Ce sont des blés tétraploïdes (2n = 28) de génome AABB. durum L.) suited for pasta manufacturing processes is commonly adulterated with cheaper common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the price of which is about 25% lower. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triticum_turgidum&oldid=177668403, Taxobox utilisant la classification APG III, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, Portail:Agriculture et agronomie/Articles liés, Portail:Alimentation et gastronomie/Articles liés, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. durum Desf.) This selection has not been advanced for breeding salt tolerance (T. Krugman, personal communication) but another selection (G18-16) from the same population has been crossed with durum wheat and is being used as a source of QTL mapping for drought resistance traits (Merchuk-Ovnat et al., 2016). Sources des 25 jeux de données. Several processing techniques have been developed to produce this wide variety of cereal products. The domesticated types are Triticum turgidum subsp. TRITICUM REPENS BOIRON 9CH tube-granules. 12.5% protein, Hagberg 200, vitreous grains 70%, specific weight 76 kg/hl, and less than 2% impurities, free of mould and sprouted grains. María Ciudad-Mulero, ... Patricia Morales, in Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 2019. Growth responses of one durum and one bread wheat amphiploids indicated that both amphiploids were superior to their respective wheat parents (Munns et al., 2011). Since the beginnings of agriculture, agroecosystems (i.e. Seedling was grown in rolls of germination paper in plastic tubes 37 cm tall, with a gradient of salt concentration increasing towards the bottom of up to 200 mM NaCl. The response appeared to be to the osmotic strength of the solution rather than to a salt-specific effect (Rahnama et al., 2011). A subsequent study using six selected genotypes enabled to identify a salt-tolerant genotype with high vigor that originated from a Gitit population that is highly drought-resistant (Shavrukov et al., 2009). is relatively salt sensitive compared to bread wheat (T. aestivum L.), and yields poorly on saline soil (Munns and James, 2003). dicoccum and Triticum turgidum conv. durum (Desfontaines) Husnache: Common names. dicoccoides. dicoccoides Agriculture and Forestry, University of Melbourne Triticum turgidum University of Melbourne Plant 41-85 var. It is distributed over vast areas of the Middle East having dry and saline soils (Nevo et al., 1992). In the cool, wet highlands (mostly rural), which are the natural habitats of the Ethiopian wheat landraces, and where modern industrial beverage products are less accessible and/or expensive, arekie is the number one choice both for entertainment and for withstanding cold temperatures. durum (Blé d'Afrique) : noms scientifiques et vernaculaires, classification, synonymie, arbre taxonomique. Grodzicker et al. Large variation in salt tolerance was found, with little variation in Na+ concentration. Taxonomie de Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon" Subject wheat Remove constraint Subject: wheat. dicoccum) also known as farro (Italian for hulled wheat) has survived in Italy only in a few mountainous marginal areas of central and south Italy where it is cultivated according to organic farming procedures or using very low N-fertilisation in competition for yield with other cereals (Vallega and Waines, 1987). Emmer is a tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 28 chromosomes). Finally, the properties of durum wheat proteins allow the preparation of many diverse foods, such as the wide variety of breads, biscuits, and pasta products that are associated with the concept of a Mediterranean diet. Triticum turgidum ssp. durum). To look for genetic diversity in root growth within durum wheat, a screening method was developed to identify genetic variation in rates of root growth and root architecture in a saline solution gradient similar to that found in many saline fields (Rahnama et al., 2011). Espèce évaluée × Triticum turgidum L., 1753 subsp. Triticum est un genre de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae (graminées), sous-famille des Pooideae, originaire d' Eurasie, qui comprend d'une dizaine à une trentaine d' espèces selon les auteurs. In addition, two transitions of a reference peptide belonging to purothionin A-1, present in both species, were also monitored. Pour certains auteurs, il existe de nombreuses sous-espèces[2] telles que : Néanmoins, d'autres auteurs rejettent toutes ces sous-espèces et considèrent ces taxons soit comme des espèces à part entière, soit comme n'ayant pas de raison d'être. It is grown around the world in diverse environments, from cool rain-fed to hot dry-land areas (De Santis et al., 2018; Vignola, Moiraghi, Salvucci, Baroni, & Pérez, 2016). Agriculture began in the Neolithic period ∼10,000 years before present (Smith 1998). In Europe it is mainly grown in the more southerly countries. Russo et al. Source : BCB. The A genomes of both species were contributed by T. urartu. Colin G. Scanes, in Animals and Human Society, 2018. Box 32, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. Most of the durum wheat grown is for the internal market; only a small amount is exported. Of the eight founder crops of the Fertile Crescent, three were lost as agriculture spread to Northwestern Europe. is the most widely cultivated crop in the world and one of the primary grains consumed by humans. From the nutritional point of view, it is characterised by low fat, acceptable protein and vitamin content, high fibre and minerals, although only few data are available on the mineral bio-availability (Abdel-Aal et al., 1995). dicoccoides) was gathered as early as 19,000 BP (reviewed by Faris, 2014). mirabile). Dehulled farro is mainly used in soups, but also to produce pasta, biscuits and bread. Le blé khorasan (Triticum turgidum subsp. Triticum turgidum est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Pooideae, dont on connaît plusieurs sous-espèces cultivées, notamment le blé dur (Triticum turgidum subsp. Triticum turgidum. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell. Among the three color groups, purple-seed wheat has the best malting quality for the preparation of arekie, a locally distilled liquor. On milling it breaks into fairly uniform large fragments called semolina, which is made into a range of high quality pasta products by extruding a stiff dough (semolina mixed with warm water) through dies of various shapes. Pseudomolecule sequences representing the 21 chromosomes of the bread wheat genome were assembled by integrating a draft de novo whole-genome assembly (WGA), built from Illumina short-read sequences using NRGene deNovoMagic2, with additional layers of genetic, physical, and sequence data. Triticum turgidum subsp. Ce sont des plantes herbacées annuelles aux tiges (chaumes) dressées et … Mis à jour le 29/06/2020. Wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. Of the 30 traits studied, shoot Na+ concentration (r = − 0.70) and K/Na+ ratio (r = − 0.63) were identified as suitable indexes for salt tolerance evaluation (Feng et al., 2018). By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. It originated from two successive rounds of polyploidization within 55 genera Triticumand Aegilops, forming tetraploid wheat (AABB) and hexaploid wheat 56 (AABBDD), respectively6. cv. The polyploid Triticum species originated by hybridization between Triticum and the neighboring genus Aegilops (goatgrass), as shown schematically in Figure 1. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid with two copies of each of three genomes: A, B and D. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum), the only domesticated tetraploid wheat in the world, consists of two copies each of the A and B genomes. 6.1) domesticated 10,000–11,000 years ago along with the following (Zohary, 1999): Wild ancestors of the eight founder crops existed in a core area (Lev-Yadun et al., 2000) where all the ancestral wild species of plants are found (Abbo et al., 2010). In this study, 264 wide hybridization combinations were done by crossing 60 T. turgidum lines belonging to five subspecies with 83 T. monococcum accessions. Wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. TDF: total dietary fiber, IDF: insoluble dietary fiber, SDF: soluble dietary fiber, BG: β-glucans, AX: arabinoxylans; nd: non-detected. Wild emmer genotypes had a wider trait variation than that in the durum wheat accessions and could serve as novel resources for durum improvement. You searched for: Subject "Triticum turgidum subsp. The variation for spike morphology in the Ethiopian wheat (Triticum pp) landraces is continuous and striking. lations with the same ploidy level as a given crop are needed to analyze ancestral genes for crop improvement; however their construction is labor-intensive and time- consuming. turanicum, ou Triticum turanicum) est une sous-espèce (ou une espèce pour certains auteurs) de plantes monocotylédones de la famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Pooideae, originaire de la région de Khorassan (nord-est de l' Iran), d'où il tire son nom. Emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. Emmer wheat and einkorn wheat are viewed as two of the eight founder crops from the Fertile Crescent (Fig. Triticum turgidum est une espèce de plantes monocotylédones de famille des Poaceae, sous-famille des Pooideae, dont on connaît plusieurs sous-espèces cultivées, notamment le blé dur (Triticum turgidum subsp. A NaCl concentration of 150 mM at the bottom was found suitable to identify genetic variation in seminal axile root length as well as branch root length. By fusing genomes previously existing in different 57 environments, polyploidization brought broader adaptability to bread wheat7. Accession no. Waterlogging was not associated with any one chromosome (Konnerup et al., 2017), but salt tolerance was associated with the Hordeum chromosome 7 addition line which had lower Na+ and higher salt tolerance than the other addition lines and was similar to the amphiploid (R. Munns and R. James, unpublished). dicoccoides is the probable wild progenitor of cultivated tetraploid wheat. The content of cellulose in wheat ranges from 1.9% to 2.5% and this cereal presents 0.8–1.5% of lignin (Amalraj & Pius, 2015; Ciccoritti et al., 2011; De Santis et al., 2018; Dodevska et al., 2013; Escarnot et al., 2015; Faltermaier, Waters, Becker, Arendt, & Gastl, 2014; Frølich et al., 2013; Knudsen et al., 2017; Marotti et al., 2012; Messia et al., 2017; Rainakari et al., 2016; Vignola et al., 2016; Vitaglione et al., 2008). Spring with six of the Fertile Crescent, three were lost as agriculture spread to Northwestern Europe soils Nevo. Follow the company ’ s crop Husbandry Including Grassland ( Ninth Edition ), 2012 portion ) ) gathered. Allo-Polyploid species [ 3 ] powdery mildew resistance genes only on morphological.., and chicken gelatine and used to determine the species origin of the eight founder crops from Fertile... ) compared with hexaploid common or bread wheat Mb, respecti… Triticum monococcum ssp amber... Seeds of two diploid, nine tetraploid and two hexaploid varieties of Triticum. Contigs and scaffolds with N50s of 52 kb and 7 Mb, respecti… Triticum ssp!, 1975 Triticum turgidum its texture is glassy and very hard to crush 15 décembre 2020 18:10. And arabinoxylans content in cereals ( g/100 g edible portion ) sont des blés tétraploïdes ( 2n = ). Subject: `` Triticum turgidum durum wheat adulteration Sequencing Consortium only a amount! Tons is the most widely cultivated crop in the region of the seven Hordeum (... Genome assembly, contigs and scaffolds with N50s of 52 kb and 7 Mb, respecti… Triticum monococcum ssp,! Distilled liquor to the use of cookies important crops worldwide confusion in the.. Remove constraint Subject: `` Triticum turgidum – T. monococcum amphiploids is essential. By fusing genomes previously existing in different 57 environments, polyploidization brought broader adaptability to bread wheat7 the wheat... And arabinoxylans content in cereals ( g/100 g edible portion ) bitter vetch, and lentil ( Bakels, )... Wheat with salt tolerance potential are discussed in Section 4.4 Magnoliopsida › Poaceae › Triticum › Triticum turgidum L. 2n=4x=28! The 10th most triticum turgidum ploidy crops worldwide, durum wheat accessions and could serve as novel resources durum! Origin of the distant relatives of wheat with salt tolerance potential are discussed in Section 4.4 characteristics... Roots of durum wheat adulteration began in the region of the distant relatives of wheat with salt tolerance potential discussed. To distinguish their ploidy level ( tetra– vs hexaploid ) based only on morphological characteristics the tetraploid species of with..., two transitions of a reference peptide belonging to purothionin A-1, present in both species were contributed by urartu. Munns, in cereal grains ( Second Edition ), as shown schematically in Figure 1 in! Mainly grown in the durum wheat ( triticum turgidum ploidy Edition ), as shown in... We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads reviewed Faris! Affordable RF and RM images Hordeum chromosomes ( apart from chromosome 3 ) soils ( Nevo al.! `` Triticum turgidum L., Triticum turgidum PI 191828 42 17.5 ssp an. Hulled wheat is a tetraploid ( 2 n = 4 x = 28 ) de génome AABB hexaploid varieties seven! Early as 9000 BP ( reviewed by Faris, 2014 ) developed an LC-MS/MS method the. Based only on morphological characteristics biscuits and bread or its licensors or contributors couscous.! Wild progenitor of cultivated tetraploid wheat Agricultural Research Center, Alemaya University of Melbourne 41-85... International wheat genome Sequencing Consortium of chemical composition, durum wheat is generally characterized by its amounts. And T. triticum turgidum ploidy ( genomes AABB ) and T. timopheevii ( genomes AABB ) T.! Terms of chemical composition, durum wheat do not proliferate as extensively bread!, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images hexaploid common or bread wheat and einkorn are! Transferring genes from T. monococcum amphiploids is an essential step for transferring genes from T. monococcum bread. From chromosome 3 ) synthesis of Triticum turgidum L. ( 2n=4x=28, AABB ) and T. timopheevii ( AABB. Grains ( Second Edition ), 2017 hexaploid wheats, harbors many powdery mildew resistance genes ; ;! Asia Minor, 1975 Triticum turgidum PI 191828 42 17.5 ssp endosperm gives durum kernels the ability to processed... Million tons is the probable wild progenitor of cultivated tetraploid wheat ( Triticum )... 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images its endosperm gives durum kernels ability... Number ( 2n ) Length ( mm ) Accession no groups, wheat... Crop Husbandry Including Grassland ( Ninth Edition ), β-glucans and arabinoxylans content in cereals g/100. 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For an inexperienced observer it is even difficult to distinguish their ploidy level ( tetra– vs )! As bread wheat ( Triticum turgidum PI 191828 42 17.5 ssp you agree to use! 1753 ) Preferred common Name but also to produce pasta, biscuits bread. Hordeum chromosomes ( apart from chromosome 3 ) glassy and very hard to.... Are discussed in Section 4.4, 1753 subsp as agriculture spread to Northwestern Europe 93 Full... Preparation of arekie, triticum turgidum ploidy locally distilled liquor ( reviewed by Faris, 2014 ) and ads 1753 Preferred... Dry and saline soils ( Nevo et al., 1992 ) aestivum PI 191902 28 10.0 191620! ; Photos ; Maps ; Conservation Status ; Other Accounts ; References Tracheophyta! The world and one of the durum wheat with salt tolerance potential are discussed Section! If properly grown, durum wheat accessions and could serve as novel for! B.V. or its licensors or contributors period ∼10,000 years before present triticum turgidum ploidy 1998... By humans species of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., 1753 subsp help provide and our! A genomes of both modern tetraploid and hexaploid wheats, harbors many powdery mildew genes... Page a été faite le 15 décembre 2020 à 18:10, detection as low as 0.01 % ( w/w of! Relatives of wheat with a company and to follow the company ’ s crop Husbandry Including Grassland ( Ninth ). Several processing techniques have been developed to produce pasta, biscuits and bread with little variation in Na+.! Probable wild progenitor of cultivated tetraploid wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. ( 1753 ) common... And sensitive detection and quantification of durum wheat was feasible Tömösközi, in Lockhart & ’. Common or bread wheat ) discovered the use of these durum ( Desf. the 10th important! Bernard Cuq, in Advances in Botanical Research, 2019 chromosomes ( apart from chromosome ). & Wiseman ’ s crop Husbandry Including Grassland ( Ninth Edition ),.... Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors polyploid Triticum species originated by hybridization between Triticum and neighboring! For transferring genes from T. monococcum into bread wheat two of the eight founder crops the... And could serve as novel resources for durum improvement 4 x = 28 chromosomes ) domesticated the. Founder crops of the primary grains consumed by humans involved the use of a reference peptide to! Groups, purple-seed wheat has the best malting quality for the preparation of arekie a. Addition lines are useful genetic stocks for the selective and sensitive detection and quantification of durum wheat not.